isovaleric acid การใช้

• The amide derived from isovaleric acid, it is a colourless solid.
• This odor is caused by the buildup of a compound called isovaleric acid in affected individuals.
• Those cigarettes also include such not-so-cookieish items as glycerol, propylene glycol, isovaleric acid, hexanoic acid and 3-methylpntanoic acid.
• As a result, isovaleric acid and related compounds build up to toxic levels, damaging the brain and nervous system.
• Lastly, a post-NRPS modification happens in the free hydroxyl group from the second isovaleric acid, adding an acetyl group.
• Isovaleric acid is seen as the primary cause of the flavors added to wine caused by " Brettanomyces " yeasts.
• The yeast " Brettanomyces " produces an array of metabolites when growing in wine, some of which are volatile isovaleric acid.
• Aust said isovaleric acid is used in varying amounts to create an odor " that is very much like dirty socks ."
• The final genes hctG and hctH probably encode two P450 that oxidize the side chain of both isovaleric acids ( Figure 1D ).
• HctE consists of a bi-modular NRPS, of which the first module incorporates an isovaleric acid and the second module incorporates a heterocyclic cysteine.
• The enzyme encoded by " IVD ", isovaleric acid-CoA dehydrogenase ( ), plays an essential role in breaking down proteins from the diet.
• Isovaleric acid has a strong pungent cheesy or sweaty smell, but its volatile esters have pleasing scents and are used widely in perfumery.
• Without biotin, leucine and isoleucine cannot be metabolized normally and results in elevated synthesis of isovaleric acid and consequently 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, isovalerylglycine, and other isovaleric acid metabolites as well.
• Without biotin, leucine and isoleucine cannot be metabolized normally and results in elevated synthesis of isovaleric acid and consequently 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, isovalerylglycine, and other isovaleric acid metabolites as well.
• ETFA participates in catalyzing the initial step of the type II glutaricaciduria in which multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies result in large excretion of glutaric, lactic, ethylmalonic, butyric, isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, and isovaleric acids.
• For example, when isovaleric acid is treated with thionyl chloride to give isovaleroyl chloride, it can then be reduced via lithium aluminium tri ( t-butoxy ) hydride to give isovaleraldehyde in 65 % yield.
• "' Isovaleric acidemia "', also called "'isovaleric aciduria "'or "'isovaleric acid CoA dehydrogenase deficiency "', is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder which disrupts or prevents normal metabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine.
• Isovaleric acid ( 3-methyl butanoic acid ) is the other source of body odor as a result of actions of the bacteria " Staphylococcus epidermidis ", which is also present in several strong cheese types.
• Among this proteolytic species'products are acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, and hydrogen sulfide . " Cl . argentinense " is also asaccharolytic ( i . e ., unable to metabolize carbohydrates ).
• Isovaleric acid ( 3-methyl butanoic acid ) is the other source of foot odor and is a result of actions of the bacteria " Staphylococcus epidermidis " which are also present in several strong cheese types.